Frequently asked questions

Clear answers about VPO in Madrid, selling and estate agencies. Practical guide with Sky Real Estate expertise.

At what age is it worth selling bare ownership?

Find out at what age it makes sense to sell the bare ownership of a property and the factors that determine whether the transaction is profitable.

How does energy efficiency affect the price of a property?

Energy efficiency increases the value of a property, reduces long-term expenses and improves its appeal in the real estate market.

How to disqualify a VPO in Madrid?

Steps to disqualify a protected property (VPO/VPP) in the Comunidad de Madrid: occupancy certificate, subsidies, application to Housing and Registry. CAM only.

How to choose a property lawyer?

Specialisation, clear contract, independence and experience in your transaction (purchase and sale, inheritance, lease). Practical criteria to help you decide.

How to find out how much my house is worth for free?

Learn how to find out how much your house is worth for free using online tools. Calculate the estimated price of your property quickly and at no cost.

How to tell if a real estate agency is reliable?

Practical checklist: written mandate, clear fees, marketing plan, verifiable office location and complaint channels before signing with an agency.

How to check your property's reference value

Check the reference value of your property on the Cadastre Electronic Office. All you need is your DNI and the property's cadastral reference.

When is a VPO automatically disqualified in Madrid?

In Madrid, protection can expire upon completion of the classification periods; voluntary disqualification is a separate procedure with different requirements.

How many unpaid instalments allow the bank to foreclose on a mortgage?

The bank can initiate mortgage foreclosure after 12 or 15 unpaid instalments depending on the half of the loan term. Learn about the timeframes and requirements under current law.

How much does the price of a flat without a lift drop?

A flat without a lift usually costs between 20% and 40% less. Discover how the lack of a lift affects property prices depending on the floor level.

How much does a mortgage broker charge and who pays them?

How much does a mortgage broker charge and who pays? Law 5/2019 requires transparency; there is no single fee. Check the ICI register.

How much does an estate agent charge to sell a property?

Sale fees are freely agreed in writing. There is no fixed legal percentage: check the agency instruction agreement before signing.

How much does it cost to cancel a mortgage?

Discover the cost of cancelling your mortgage. We break down the notary, land registry, administrative agency fees and early repayment charges to leave your property unencumbered.

How much does it cost to disqualify a VPO in Madrid? Cost guide

Costs of disqualifying a VPO/VPP in Madrid: repayment of subsidies, legal interest, tax relief and fees. Guidance and links to the estimator and the CAM procedure.

How much does a property valuation cost?

Find out how much a property valuation costs. The average price ranges between 200 and 500 euros. Discover what influences the final cost and how to request one.

How much money do I need saved to buy a home?

It depends on the price, the mortgage and the purchase costs. Guidance on the deposit, ITP, notary fees and cash reserve without a fixed percentage.

How Much is Property Transfer Tax (ITP) in Madrid, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and Aragon?

ITP is set by each autonomous community and varies according to discounts and the buyer profile. Where to check rates in Madrid, the Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands and Aragon (2026).

How long does a bank take to grant a mortgage?

How long does a bank take to grant a mortgage? Find out about the usual timeframes, the stages of the process and what you can do to speed up approval.

How long does it take to get a NIE to buy a house?

The timeframe to obtain a NIE and buy property is usually between 1 and 4 weeks. Find out about processing times based on where you apply and the requirements.

How Long Does Eviction for Mortgage Default Take?

Eviction for mortgage default usually takes between 1 and 2 years. Learn about the legal timeframes, the stages of the process, and the factors that delay it.

How long is a property valuation valid for?

An official valuation is valid for 6 months under regulations. Find out what to do if it expires and how it affects your mortgage application.

How long do you have to accept an inheritance?

Inheritance tax usually requires self-assessment within six months; civil acceptance does not follow the same timeframe. Formal notice and ISD.

How much time passes between the deposit agreement and completion at the notary?

There is no single legal deadline: it depends on the contract, mortgage, encumbrances and notary schedule. It affects the deposit agreement and FEIN if financing is involved.

How long do I have to claim for hidden defects?

Learn the legal time limits for claiming hidden defects when buying property and vehicles. Discover how much time you have under the Civil Code.

How much is developable land worth?

Find out how much developable land is worth, what factors determine its price per square metre and how to calculate the true value of your plot.

Can the usufructuary live with other people in the property?

Yes, the usufructuary can live with other people in the property. Find out about their rights of use, legal limits and cohabitation rules.

Is it safe to use a mortgage broker?

Discover whether it is safe to use a mortgage broker, how to check their legal status, and what advantages they offer for securing your financing.

Do you need to open a Spanish bank account to buy a house?

Find out whether it is mandatory to have a Spanish bank account to buy a property, the necessary procedures and how to manage your taxes.

Do you have to declare the sale of a property on your tax return?

Yes, in most cases you must report the sale on your income tax return as a capital gain or loss. Exemptions and deadlines depend on your situation.

Do You Have to Disqualify a VPO Property to Inherit It?

It is not compulsory to disqualify a VPO property to inherit it. Learn about the conditions, taxes and legal limitations when receiving this type of housing.

Is a sale with guaranteed rent the same as a property lifetime annuity?

They are not the same. Learn the differences between a sale with guaranteed rent and a property lifetime annuity to make the right decision for your home.

Can I be evicted if I sell my home and stay on as a tenant?

Find out if the buyer can evict you after selling your home and staying on as a tenant. Learn about your rights and how the law protects your tenancy.

Is it worth hiring a personal property shopper?

Find out if a personal property shopper is worth it. Save time, money and risk when buying your home with professional support.

Can the bare owner sell the property?

Yes, the bare owner can sell the bare ownership of the property while respecting the usufructuary's rights. Find out how this legal process works.

Can the usufructuary rent out the property?

Yes, the usufructuary can rent out the property and receive the rental income. Check the legal requirements and what happens to the contract when the usufruct ends

Can the owners' association ban tourist flats?

Can the owners' association ban tourist flats? Find out the required majority, current legislation and how to limit holiday rentals.

Can a foreigner buy a house in Spain?

Yes, a foreigner can buy a property in Spain. Find out the key requirements, obtaining a NIE and essential steps.

Can my home be seized for a non-mortgage debt?

Yes, your house can be seized for non-mortgage debts. Find out when it is legal, the stages of the process, and what options you have to prevent it.

Can a VPO be repossessed?

Yes, a VPO can be repossessed for debts or mortgage default. Discover how the judicial process works and what limits current law establishes.

Can I provide my own valuation to the bank?

Yes, you can provide your own official valuation to the bank. Learn about the requirements it must meet and what to do if the lender rejects your valuation.

Can I buy a VPO if I already own another property?

As a general rule no, but legal exceptions do exist. Find out if you can buy a VPO while owning another property and what requirements you must meet.

Can I build a house on rustic land?

Find out whether it is possible to build a house on rustic land. Learn about the exceptions, legal requirements and necessary permits according to regulations.

Can I leave the property before the contract ends?

Can you leave your rented flat early? Discover what the law says, minimum stay requirements, notice periods and penalties.

Can I get a mortgage on a probationary period or temporary contract?

Find out if you can get a mortgage during a probationary period or on a temporary contract. Learn bank requirements and options to secure approval.

Can I sell my house if I am in insolvency proceedings or under the Second Chance Law?

Find out if you can sell your house during insolvency proceedings or Second Chance Law. Learn about the necessary conditions, requirements and authorisation.

What documents does a foreign buyer need for the title deed?

Discover the mandatory documents required for a foreign buyer to sign the title deed for their property. Check the legal requirements here.

What is AJD and who pays it?

AJD levies tax on notarised documents in specific cases (new builds, mortgages). Second-hand property usually pays ITP. Allocation depends on agreement.

What are household contents in inheritance tax?

Find out what household contents are in Inheritance Tax, what assets they include and how the 3% of the value of the estate is calculated.

What is urban planning entitlement?

Discover what urban planning entitlement is, the right to build according to local regulations, and how it determines the square metres of your plot.

What is Euribor and how does it affect my mortgage?

What is Euribor and how does it affect your variable-rate mortgage? Interbank benchmark; repayments are reviewed using the index plus spread.

What is the Solidarity Tax on Large Fortunes?

Discover what the Solidarity Tax on Large Fortunes is, who it affects, the applicable tax rates and how this complementary tax is calculated.

What is real estate?

Real estate refers to the property sector: land, buildings, and buying, selling, letting, and management operations. In Spain, it is used as a synonym for property.

What is the approval visa for a VPO sale agreement?

The VPO contract approval visa is the administrative approval that legalises the sale. Find out what the Administration evaluates and how to process it.

What is a property tax charge for tax debts?

A property tax charge implies that the property is liable for outstanding tax debts. Discover what it means and how it affects the buyer.

What is a grace period on a mortgage?

A grace period on a mortgage is a period during which you pay less towards your monthly instalment. Discover how it works, what types exist and how to apply for one.

What is a certificate of habitability and is it mandatory?

Discover what a certificate of habitability is, what it is for and when it is a compulsory document to sell, rent or connect utilities.

What is an urban planning certificate and where do you request it?

Find out what an urban planning certificate is, what information it contains, and where to apply for it. A quick guide to requesting this certificate from your local council.

What is forced heirship and how does it affect property?

Learn what forced heirship is in an inheritance and how it affects the ownership, division, and sale of a property among legal heirs.

What is a nota simple and what is it used for?

Informative land registry extract: ownership, encumbrances and property description. Why buyers, banks and notaries request it.

What is mortgage product tying and is it compulsory?

Find out what mortgage product tying is and whether it is compulsory by law. We explain how insurance policies and salary deposits affect the interest rate on your monthly repayments.

What is a PAU?

PAU is the University Entrance Exam. Find out what this exam consists of, how the grade threshold is calculated and key tips to prepare for it.

What is a partial plan?

A partial plan is a town planning instrument that regulates and details the development of buildable land. Discover its purpose, objectives and application.

What is an open will and how much does it cost?

Find out what an open will is, how it is made before a notary, and how much it costs. Check the requirements, procedures, and estimated price.

What is an execution unit?

Discover what an execution unit is, the CPU component that performs calculations and processes instructions for system operation.

What is a villa on rustic land, and can it be extended?

A villa on rustic land is located on non-developable land. Find out whether it is possible to extend it and what legal requirements apply under the regulations.

What happens to the tenancy agreement if the tenant dies?

Find out what happens to the tenancy agreement if the tenant dies, who has the right to succession and the deadlines for notifying the landlord.

What happens to the usufruct if the usufructuary moves into a care home?

If the usufructuary moves into a care home, they do not lose the usufruct. Find out whether they can let the property, assign its use or if it lapses.

What happens to the debt if the bank auctions my home?

If the bank auctions your home and it does not cover the mortgage, the remaining debt stays active. Discover how it affects you and what options you have to resolve it.

What happens to the 3% retention if the non-resident seller owes no tax?

If the non-resident seller owes no tax, they can request a refund of the 3% retention using Form 210 from the tax authority. Discover the steps.

What happens if I buy a property with debts from the previous owner?

Community of owners' debts and IBI (property tax) can affect the property. When buying, it is advisable to obtain certificates and seek advice before signing a deposit contract.

What happens if an heir refuses to sign the inheritance?

Find out what happens if an heir refuses to sign the inheritance and how the law allows the partition of assets to be unblocked through a notary or court.

What happens if I sell my main residence before 3 years?

Selling before fulfilling the main residence threshold can affect exemptions or tax-free reinvestment under personal income tax (IRPF). It depends on dates, usage and current regulations.

What happens if I sell a VPO above the maximum price?

Selling a VPO above the maximum price entails financial fines, administrative penalties and the obligation to refund the difference charged.

What are compulsory land transfers to local councils?

Find out what compulsory land transfers to local councils are: land that developers must hand over for roads, green spaces and public facilities.

Who pays Council Tax (IBI) in the year a property is sold?

IBI becomes due for the owner on 1 January, but in a sale it is apportioned pro rata by month. What is agreed in the contract and title deed is decisive.

Who pays for home insurance on a property under usufruct?

Payment for home insurance under usufruct is divided: the bare owner usually pays for the building cover and the usufructuary for the contents. Find out the details.

Who pays the estate agency commission, the buyer or the seller?

In a standard sale, the commission is paid by whoever signs the instruction agreement with the agency, almost always the seller. In property sales, the terms agreed in the agreement prevail.

Who pays the community fees in the month of sale?

The fee for the month of sale is usually split pro rata between seller and buyer. The debt certificate is key before completing the public deed.

Who pays the notary fees in a property sale?

There is no single rule: in many property sales, notary fees are shared by local custom or agreement. What to check before signing the deed.

Who pays municipal capital gains tax, the buyer or the seller?

In a standard sale, municipal capital gains tax is paid by the seller. Clauses transferring it to the buyer may be void. Legal guidance.

Who pays for repairs if I rent the house I sold?

Who pays for repairs if you rent the house you sold? The new owner covers major repairs and you cover everyday wear and tear.

Is the deposit returned if my mortgage is declined?

Is the deposit returned if your mortgage is declined? Find out when you can recover your money and the key clause to protect your property purchase.

Do you pay municipal capital gains tax when inheriting a house?

In many inheritances, IIVTNU (municipal capital gains tax) may be payable due to a transfer mortis causa. Taxpayer usually: heirs. General guidance.

Can you extend or change a VPO mortgage?

Looking to change or extend a VPO mortgage? Check the conditions, legal requirements and options for mortgage novation or lender subrogation.

Can you buy a house without a mortgage through a company?

Yes, you can buy a house outright through a company. Discover the legal requirements, tax implications and advantages of this option.

Can you pay for a property in cash?

In Spain, there are legal limits on cash payments in property transactions, especially involving businesses or sole traders. Bank transfers or banker's drafts are standard practice.

Can you get a mortgage over the age of 50?

Yes, you can get a mortgage over the age of 50. Find out the requirements, bank age limits and options for financing your home.

Can a life usufruct be renounced?

Yes, it is possible to renounce a life usufruct. Discover the step-by-step process, notarisation requirements and tax implications of this legal decision.

Can a luxury home be sold without listing it on property portals?

Yes, it is possible to sell a luxury home without listing it on property portals. Discover off-market strategies to close the sale with complete discretion.

Can you sell an inherited house without completing the inheritance process?

Being named as an heir in a will is not enough: acceptance, allocation and registration are required. Sometimes acceptance and sale take place in coordinated acts.

Can a property be sold without title deeds?

Sometimes a property is sold without a prior public deed, but ownership must be proven and the property registered. Without a clear title, the transaction becomes complicated.

Can you carry out building works in a VPO?

Find out whether you can carry out building works in a VPO. We explain the necessary permits, legal limits and requirements for renovating your protected housing.

Do I have to pay a deposit if I sell and stay on as a tenant?

When selling your home and staying on as a tenant, paying a tenancy deposit is required by law. Discover how it is managed and your options for negotiating it.

Does the Comunidad de Madrid have a right of first refusal and pre-emption over my VPO?

Find out whether the Comunidad de Madrid has a right of first refusal and pre-emption over your VPO, when it applies, and what requirements you must meet to sell it.

Does a non-resident pay tax on a property in Spain even if it is not rented out?

Yes, a non-resident pays tax on an unrented property in Spain. Discover the IRNR tax on imputed rental income and how to declare it.

Does a VPO pay IBI?

Yes, a VPO pays IBI, but discounts of up to 50% are available during the first few years. Discover which exemptions apply depending on your municipality.